Finally, this Python import guide has been sorted out. Look!

Preface

Recently, I found that many students are asking Python Problems of introduction and invocation , For example, if an error is reported, the module cannot be imported 、 Or a module cannot be found .

ImportError: cannot import name 'Select'

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'test'

Today, let's talk about this problem alone , I hope I can give some solutions to the students .

1. Python Standard library and third-party library

First, let's look at a basic problem , Differentiate Python Standard library and third-party library . As shown in the figure below ：

1）Python Standard library

Python The standard library of , It's actually some built-in modules , As long as we install Python, Just bring these built-in modules , such as random 、 os wait .

Using these libraries is also very simple , We don't need additional installation , You can do it directly import Come in and use ：

import random

print(random.random())

2）Python Third party Library

that Python What about your third-party library , Some unofficial organizations or individuals , A written framework with some specific functions , Like our Airtest, It's used to do UI A of automated testing Python Third party Library ; And the example in the figure Django, It's for carrying on web One developed Python Third party Library .

Using these third-party libraries , Except for one Python Beyond the environment , And in this Python In the environment , Install the third-party library we need , For example, use Airtest and Poco：

pip install airtest
pip install pocoui

Successfully installed these third-party libraries into our Python After the environment , We can get from these libraries import What we want ：

from airtest.core.api import *

auto_setup(__file__)
snapshot(msg=" Please fill in the test point .")

3） appear no module named 'airtest' Solutions for

If the students understand Python The difference between standard library and third-party library , Meet something like no module named 'airtest' perhaps no moudle named 'airtest-selenium' Wait for the question , You'll know it's because of the current Python The reason why these third-party libraries are not installed in the environment .

The solution is also very simple , Find the currently used Python Environmental Science , Then install the third-party library we need in this environment .（ Pay special attention if there are multiple Python Environmental time , The one that needs to be used by the students Python Install the required third-party libraries in the environment ）

2. Python Several ways to import modules

1）import os

This import method is often used to import Python The standard library of ：

#  Print the current working directory 
import os
print(os.getcwd())

2）from os import chmod

This import method is often used to import package files , Of course, some students are used to using ：

from airtest.report.report import *

In this way, although the import will not report an error , But the readability is relatively poor .

3）import logging as log

This method aliases the imported module , Later, when we use the method of this module , You can call... With an alias ：

import logging as log
log.info('this is a info message')

3. How to know from which module to introduce the method you need

We'll take Airtest For the use of framework , We are IDE It's new on the Internet 1 individual .air Script , The introduced script will be brought by default ：

from airtest.core.api import *

This sentence means to introduce airtest.core.api Everything in this module , That is to say Airtest At the heart of API.

Like we often use auto_setup 、 start_app 、 touch 、 swipe And so on are all under this module .

1） appear name 'xxx' is not defined Solutions for

however airtest There are many other modules , For example, the report module . In the tutorial documentation , We know we can use simple_report To generate Airtest The report , But when you actually write a script , The following problems may occur ：

from airtest.core.api import *

auto_setup(__file__,logdir=True)
snapshot(msg=" Please fill in the test point .")
simple_report(__file__,logpath=True)

-----
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "airtest\cli\runner.py", line 73, in runTest
  File "site-packages\six.py", line 703, in reraise
  File "airtest\cli\runner.py", line 70, in runTest
  File "D:\test\taikang_test.air\taikang_test.py", line 11, in <module>
    simple_report(__file__,logpath=True)
NameError: name 'simple_report' is not defined
-----

This is because simple_report be not in airtest.core.api In this module , We need to introduce additional simple_report Where the module is .

So here comes the question , How do I know simple_report Under which module ？ The easiest way , open Airtest Of API file , And then search simple_report that will do ：

You can see simple_report The module is airtest.report.report , We just need to add the introduction of the module in the script ：

from airtest.report.report import simple_report
simple_report(__file__,logpath=True)

Another example , In the case of simulated sliding , We can see that the following method can be used to simulate the operation of long press and drag ：

#  Long press to delete the application 
longtouch_event = [
    DownEvent([908, 892]),#  Coordinates of the application to be deleted 
    SleepEvent(2),
    MoveEvent([165,285]),#  Delete the trash can coordinates of the application 
    UpEvent(0)]

device().touch_proxy.perform(longtouch_event)

We can still check through the above API How to document , To know which modules need to be introduced ：

Here we attach Airtest and Poco Of API Document address ：

• Airtest API file ：https://airtest.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/index.html
• Poco API file ：https://poco.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/index.html

4. Introduce other .air The script using() Interface

After talking about the use of the library and the methods of module introduction , Let's look at another question about introduction , How to introduce other .air Script .

Airtest Provides using Interface , Be able to add scripts that need to be referenced sys.path in , The picture files contained in it will also be added Template In the search path of .

for instance , We have two peers .air Script , To be in 1 individual .air The script introduces another .air Script , That's how it works ：

# -*- encoding=utf8 -*-
__author__ = "AirtestProject"

from airtest.core.api import *
auto_setup(__file__)

using("common.air")

from common import common_function
common_function()

But if we leave AirtestIDE To run this script , For example pycharm Open this script to run , The following error reports may occur ：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:/test/taikang_test.air/taikang_test.py", line 13, in <module>
    from common import common_function
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'common'

here , The simplest and most brutal way is to using Change the relative path to the absolute path ：

using(r"D:/test/common.air")

from common import common_function
common_function()

If you don't want to change using Script for , We can also add 1 A script to be introduced path To sys.path in ：

import sys
sys.path.append("D:/test/common.air")

using(r"common.air")

from common import common_function
common_function()

Summary

So in today's tutorial, we mainly talk about the following contents ：

• Python The difference between standard library and third-party library and the introduction method
• Python Several kinds of import The way
• stay API The module where the document query method is used
• Introduce other .air The script using Interface

If there are other problems related to the introduction , Welcome to our official exchange Q Group （654700783） feedback .

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Airtest Official website ：https://airtest.netease.com/
Airtest Official website of the course ：https://airtest.doc.io.netease.com/
Build enterprise private cloud services ：https://airlab.163.com/b2b

Official Q & A Q Group ：654700783

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