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Optimization iteration of nearest neighbor interpolation and bilinear interpolation algorithm for Python OpenCV image
2022-01-30 05:10:13 【Dream eraser】
Little knowledge , Great challenge ! This article is participating in 「 A programmer must have a little knowledge 」 Creative activities
This article has participated in 「 Digging force Star Program 」 , Win a creative gift bag , Challenge creation incentive fund .
Python OpenCV 365 Day study plan , Go into the field of image with the eraser . This blog is the third in this series 43 piece .
Basic knowledge
First make up for a small hole in yesterday's article , After the last piece of code is implemented , It is found that there are many jagged edges on the image after running .
While wondering , There must be something wrong with the details of the code , When reviewing the code, I found a problem , Note the following codes :
dst[dst_y, dst_x, n] = (1-u)*(1-v)*src[j, i, n]+u*(1-v) * src[j+1, i, n] + (1-u)*v*src[j, i+1, n] + u*v*src[j+1, i+1, n]
Copy code
Comparison with formula , You can compare this detailed work by yourself . f(i+u,j+v) = (1-u)(1-v)f(i,j) + (1-u)vf(i,j+1) + u(1-v)f(i+1,j) + uvf(i+1,j+1)
The problem lies in the rows and columns of the image , Code u*(1-v) * src[j+1, i, n] + (1-u)*v*src[j, i+1, n]
I wrote this part backwards ~ embarrassed
Change to the following code , Get it done , As like as two peas. .
dst[dst_y, dst_x, n] = (1-u)*(1-v)*src[j, i, n]+v*(1-u) * src[j+1, i, n] + (1-v)*u*src[j, i+1, n] + u*v*src[j+1, i+1, n]
Copy code
Algorithm optimization
Let's talk about algorithm optimization , We're still there This blog Dug a small hole , The final result of nearest neighbor interpolation algorithm is not satisfactory , When the image is magnified, there is a strong sawtooth .
First migrate the previous code , Modify to the following format :
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
def nearest_demo(src, multiple_y, multiple_x):
src_y, src_x, src_c = src.shape
tar_x, tar_y, tar_c = src_x*multiple_x, src_y*multiple_y, src_c
# Generate a black target image
tar_img = np.zeros((tar_y, tar_x, tar_c), dtype=np.uint8)
print(tar_img.shape)
# The value of the rendered pixel
# Be careful y It's height ,x It's the width
for y in range(tar_y-1):
for x in range(tar_x-1):
# Calculate the new coordinates (x,y) Which value is the coordinate in the source diagram
src_y = round(y*src_y/tar_y)
src_x = round(x*src_x/tar_x)
tar_img[y, x] = src[src_y, src_x]
return tar_img
src = cv.imread("./ttt.png")
print(src.shape)
cv.imshow("src", src)
# dsize = (cols,rows) chinese ,( Width , Height )
dst = cv.resize(src, (src.shape[1]*2, src.shape[0]
* 2), interpolation=cv.INTER_NEAREST)
cv.imshow("dst", dst)
new_dst = nearest_demo(src, 2, 2)
cv.imshow("new_dst", new_dst)
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()
Copy code
The first part of the optimization is about the center point , This part is serious , The eraser found a lot of information , They didn't explain everything very clearly , Basically, I skipped the key points , I'm paraphrasing it , If you have a good explanation , Please provide it to me in the comments area , The point is that 0.5 Pixel problem .
If the above code wants to implement and OpenCV Provide the same effect as the built-in function , Key modifications are as follows :
srcy = round(y*src_y/tar_y)
srcx = round(x*src_x/tar_x)
# Revised as follows
srcy = round((y+0.5)*src_y/tar_y-0.5)
srcx = round((x+0.5)*src_x/tar_x-0.5)
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It was in this place that I was directly ignorant , Some blogs wrote srcX=dstX* (srcWidth/dstWidth)+0.5*(srcWidth/dstWidth-1)
It's equivalent to adding... To the original floating-point coordinates 0.5*(srcWidth/dstWidth-1)
?
But there is no other explanation for this place , Some bloggers will compare two images and say that the geometric center of the source image and the target image should be aligned , But I just drew two pictures and some simple text descriptions , The excerpt is as follows :
Suppose the source image is 3x3
, The coordinates of the center point of this image are (1,1)
, The target image is 9x9
, The coordinates of the center point are (4,4)
, The center point alignment should refer to (4,4)
Align points to (1,1)
spot , But according to srcx = round(x*src_x/tar_x)
And srcy = round(y*src_y/tar_y)
Formula calculation , The coordinates of the center point obtained are (1.333,1.333)
Not at all (1,1)
, Lower right of the whole image , Now you need to align .
Let's make a simple calculation . The center point alignment assumes that the source image does not move in advance , Finally, there should be the following formula .
The source image src
Center point coordinates
, Target image dst
Center point coordinates
Bring the above values into the formula :
The formula is converted into
Finally, we can get K The value of is
therefore K In fact, it is equal to
Corresponding to the code , It becomes the following :
# Before the change
src_y = round(dst_y*src_height/tar_height)
src_x = round(dst_x*src_width/tar_width)
# After modification
src_y = round(dst_y*src_height/tar_height+1/2*(src_height/tar_height-1))
src_x = round(dst_x*src_width/tar_width+1/2*(src_height/tar_height-1))
Copy code
Actually, you're here for a while , And you get the final result .
# After modification
src_y = round((dst_y+0.5)*src_height/tar_height-0.5)
src_x = round((dst_x+0.5)*src_width/tar_width-0.5)
Copy code
After the modification , The running feeling is better than the built-in effect of the system , Ha ha ha .
The same optimization is copied into the bilinear interpolation algorithm , I can compare the effect of running .
About running speed , I also found some information , However, the current basic knowledge is not enough , Let's put it on hold for now , This series has 100 When , We're talking about .
Eraser bars
I didn't think of , One 0.5 The small problem of pixels is so laborious .
I hope today's 1 You get something in an hour , I'll see you on our next blog ~
copyright notice
author[Dream eraser],Please bring the original link to reprint, thank you.
https://en.pythonmana.com/2022/01/202201300509578405.html
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