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Python notes (22): time module and calendar module
2022-01-30 15:38:28 【A bowl week】
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stay Python There are many ways to deal with time and date in , Among them, the conversion date is the most common function .Python The time interval in is a floating-point decimal in seconds .
Time stamp
Python The current time is basically saved in time stamp . Time stamp unit is most suitable for date operation . however 1970 The date before the year cannot be expressed in this way . It's not good to be too far away ,UNIX and Windows Only to 2038 year .
Time stamp It means Greenwich mean time 1970 year 01 month 01 Japan 00 when 00 branch 00 The total number of seconds from seconds to the present . Generally speaking , A time stamp is a complete and verifiable data that can represent the existence of a data at a specific point in time . Its proposal is mainly to provide users with an electronic evidence , To prove the generation time of some data of the user .
Python Use in time
Modular time
Function to get the current timestamp
Sample code
import time
time_stamp = time.time()
print(" The current timestamp is :", time_stamp) # The current timestamp is : 1590585400.6808906
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time tuples
Python Many functions in are assembled with one element 9 Group numbers to process time .
Serial number | attribute | value |
---|---|---|
0 | tm_year | 2008 |
1 | tm_mon | 1 To 12 |
2 | tm_mday | 1 To 31 |
3 | tm_hour | 0 To 23 |
4 | tm_min | 0 To 59 |
5 | tm_sec | 0 To 61 (60 or 61 It's leap seconds ) |
6 | tm_wday | 0 To 6 (0 It's Monday ) |
7 | tm_yday | The day of the year ,1 To 366 |
8 | tm_isdst | Is it daylight saving time , Value has :1( Daylight saving time )、0( It's not summer time )、-1( Unknown ), Default -1 |
Reference resources Novice tutorial
Get the current time
Changing from the returned timestamp to a time tuple can use time
Modular localtime()
function ; time.gmtime([secs])
Also returns a time tuple
Sample code
import time
time_stamp = time.time() # Get the current timestamp
localtime = time.localtime(time_stamp)
print(localtime)
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2020, tm_mon=5, tm_mday=27, tm_hour=21, tm_min=36, tm_sec=42, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=148, tm_isdst=0)
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Format time
have access to time
Modular asctime
The function formats the time tuple into the simplest readable mode , If no parameter is given, it indicates the current time
time.ctime([secs])
This parameter accepts timestamp as the unit , Returns the readable mode of the date , Not giving parameters is equivalent to time.asctime()
Sample code
import time
time_stamp = time.time()
localtime = time.asctime(time.localtime(time_stamp))
print(" The current time is :", localtime) # The current time is : Wed May 27 21:47:48 2020
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Format date
Python Date formatting symbol in :
Symbol | describe |
---|---|
%y | A two digit number indicates the year (00-99) |
%Y | A four digit number indicates the year (0000-9999) |
%m | month (01-12) |
%d | One day in the month (1-31) |
%H | 24 Hours in hours (0-23) |
%I | 12 Hours in hours (01-12) |
%M | Minutes (00=59) |
%S | second (00-59) |
%a | Local simplified week name |
%A | Local full week name |
%b | Local simplified month name |
%B | Local full month name |
%c | Local corresponding date and time representation |
%j | One day in the year (001-366) |
%p | Local A.M. or P.M. The equivalent of |
%U | Weeks of the year (00-53) Sunday is the beginning of the week |
%w | week (0-6), Sunday is the beginning of the week |
%W | Weeks of the year (00-53) Monday is the beginning of the week |
%x | Local corresponding date representation |
%X | Local corresponding time representation |
%Z | Name of the current time zone |
%% | % The sign itself |
time mktime( Structured time or complete 9 Byte element )
Function execution and gmtime()
, localtime()
Reverse operation , It receives struct_time Object as parameter , Returns the floating-point number of seconds for time . If the value entered is not a legal time , Will trigger OverflowError or ValueError.
Sample code
import time
time_stamp = time.time()
print(time_stamp) # 1590590683.0062041
# 4 Number of years - month - Days 24 hourly : minute : second What day of the week The first few days of the year
localtime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %A %j", time.localtime(time_stamp))
print(localtime) # 2020-05-27 22:44:43 Wednesday 148
# Into a time tuple
localtime_tuple = time.strptime(localtime, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %A %j")
print(localtime_tuple) # time.struct_time(tm_year=2020, tm_mon=5, tm_mday=27, tm_hour=22, tm_min=44, tm_sec=43, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=148, tm_isdst=-1)
# Convert time tuples to seconds ( Time stamp )
time_stamp = time.mktime(localtime_tuple)
print(time_stamp) # 1590590683.0 # Basically equal to what you got at the beginning
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obtain CPU Time
time.perf_counter()
Return to the precise time of the timer ( Running time of the system ), Including the sleep time of the whole system . Because the reference point of the return value is undefined , therefore , Only the difference between the results of consecutive calls is valid .
time.process_time()
Return to current process execution CPU Total time of , Does not include sleep time . Because the reference point of the return value is undefined , therefore , Only the difference between the results of consecutive calls is valid .
time.sleep()
Function to delay the running of the calling thread , You can use the parameters secs Is the number of seconds , Indicates when the process was suspended .
Sample code
import time
# Get the time when the system runs the function
print(time.perf_counter()) # 0.0208446
time.sleep(2)
# Read the time when the system runs the function ,
print(time.perf_counter()) # 2.0208952 # The gap between the two is very small
# Get the current process execution CPU Total time of
print(time.process_time()) # 0.015625 # Does not include sleep time
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Calendar module
Calendar
Calendar module , The functions in this module are calendar related , For example, print the character calendar of a month
function | describe |
---|---|
calendar.calendar(year,w=2,l=1,c=6) |
Returns the year Annual calendar ,3 Month and row , The interval is c. The daily width interval is w character . The length of each line is 21* W+18+2* C.l Is the number of lines per week . |
calendar.month(year,month,w=2,l=1) |
Returns the year year month Monthly calendar , Two line headings , A Monday trip . The daily width interval is w character . The length of each line is 7* w+6.l Is the number of lines per week . |
calendar.monthrange(year,month) |
Returns two integers . The first is the day of the month , The second is how many days of the month . What day of the week is from 0( Monday ) To 6( Sunday ). |
calendar.leapdays(y1,y2) |
Back in the Y1,Y2 The total number of leap years between two years . |
calendar.isleap(year) |
Determine if it's a leap year , It's leap year back True, Otherwise false. |
Sample code
import calendar
# Print this year's calendar
print(calendar.calendar(2020))
# Print this month's calendar
print(calendar.month(2020, 5))
# monthrange Method
print(calendar.monthrange(2020, 5)) # (4, 31) # 5 The first day of the month is Friday, a total of 31 God , Because Monday is 0 therefore 4 It's Friday
# Calculation 1000 Year to 2000 The total number of leap years in
print(calendar.leapdays(1000, 2000)) # 242
# Judge whether this year is a leap year
print(calendar.isleap(2020)) # True
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time.strftime(fmt[,tupletime])
Receive in time tuples , And returns the local time in a readable string , Format by fmt decision .
time.strptime(str,fmt='%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y')
according to fmt The format parses a time string into a time tuple .
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