Python notes (20): built in high-order functions

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Python Built in higher-order functions

map()

map() The specified sequence will be mapped according to the function provided

Grammar format

map(function, iterable, ...)
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The first parameter function Call... With each element in the parameter sequence function function ,

The second parameter iterable One or more sequences

Return contain every time function The function returns a new list of values .

Sample code

list1 = [1, 2, 4, 5, 56, 12, 5, 2, 34]


#  Generate a function 
def func(lt):  #  Return even number , Odd number +1 return 
    if lt % 2 == 0:
        return lt
    else:
        return lt + 1


list2 = map(func, list1)  #  Never add ()
#  Use lambda keyword 
list3 = map(lambda i: i if i % 2 == 0 else i + 1, list1)
print(list(list3))  # [2, 2, 4, 6, 56, 12, 6, 2, 34]
print(list(list2))  # [2, 2, 4, 6, 56, 12, 6, 2, 34]
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reduce() function

reduce() Function in Python2x It is the built-in function of the system , To Python3x Has been included in functools It's in the library

reduce() The function accumulates elements in a sequence of parameters .

Function to set a data set （ Linked list , Tuples etc. ） Do the following for all data in ： Pass it on to reduce The function in function（ There are two parameters ） Let's start with the... In the set 1、2 Elements to operate , The results are then used with the third data function Function operation , Finally, we get a result .

Grammar format

reduce(function, iterable[, initializer])
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function -- function , There are two parameters

iterable -- Iteratable object

initializer -- Optional , Initial parameter

Return the result of function calculation .

Sample code

from functools import reduce

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
value = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, list1)
print(value)  # 28 = 1+2+3+4+5+6+7
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The calculation results will be stored in x, Accumulated every time .initializer Is set x The initial value of the

filter() function

filter() Function to filter the sequence , Filter out the elements that do not meet the conditions , Returns an iterator object , If you want to convert to a list , have access to list() To convert .

This accepts two parameters , The first one is a function , The second is the sequence , Each element of the sequence is passed as a parameter to the function for judgment , Then return True or False, And then it will return True Is placed in the new list .

Grammatical structure

filter(function, iterable)
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function -- Judgment function .

iterable -- Iteratable object .

Returns an iteratable object

sorted() function

sorted() Function to sort all objects that can be iterated , It's a new list.

Grammatical structure

sorted(iterable, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False)
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iterable -- Iteratable object .

cmp -- The function of comparison , This has two parameters , The values of the parameters are taken from the iteratable objects , The rule that this function must follow is , Greater than returns 1, Less than returns -1, Is equal to returns 0.

key -- It's basically a comparison element , There is only one parameter , The parameters of the specific function are taken from the iterable object , Specifies an element in an iterable object to sort .

reverse -- Sort rule ,reverse = True Descending , reverse = False Ascending （ Default ）.

Return to the reordered list .

Sample code

students = [
    {'name': 'tom', 'age': 20},
    {'name': 'lucy', 'age': 15},
    {'name': 'lily', 'age': 13},
    {'name': 'mark', 'age': 21},
    {'name': 'jack', 'age': 13},
    {'name': 'steven', 'age': 18},
]

#  Find all people older than 18 Year old student 
result = filter(lambda x: x['age'] > 18, students)
print(list(result))  # [{'name': 'tom', 'age': 20}, {'name': 'mark', 'age': 21}]

#  Sort by age 
students = sorted(students, key=lambda x: x['age'], reverse=True)  #  utilize key

print(students)
'''
[{'name': 'mark', 'age': 21}, {'name': 'tom', 'age': 20}, 
{'name': 'steven', 'age': 18}, {'name': 'lucy', 'age': 15}, 
{'name': 'lily', 'age': 13}, {'name': 'jack', 'age': 13}]
'''
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