Python notes (21): random number module

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This module implements pseudo-random number generator of various distributions . For integers , There is a unified choice from the scope . For the sequence , There is a uniform selection of random elements 、 A function used to generate a random arrangement of lists 、 And functions for random sampling without replacement .

Generate random number

random.random() Method

Returns a randomly generated real number , It's in [0,1) Within the scope of .

Grammatical structure

import random  #  Import  random  modular 

random.random()
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random.randint Method

Grammar format

random.randint(a,b)
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Function returns a number N ,N by a To b Number between （a <= N <= b）, contain a and b

random.uniform Method

Grammar format

random.uniform(a,b)
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Function returns a random floating-point number N , When a <= b when a <= N <= b , When b < a when b <= N <= a .

random.randrange Method

Grammatical structure

random.randrange(start, stop[, step])
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• start: Count from start Start . The default is 0 Start . for example randrange（5） Equivalent to range（0, 5）;
• stop: Count to stop end , But does not include stop. for example ：randrange（0, 5） yes [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] No, 5
• step： step , The default is 1. for example ：range（0, 5） Equivalent to randrange(0, 5, 1)

Returns a number in a random range

Equivalent to choice(range(start, stop, step))

Sample code

import random

random_value = random.random()
print(random_value)

randint_value = random.randint(1, 3)  #  Returns a random integer 
print(randint_value)

uniform_value = random.uniform(1, 3)  #  Returns a random floating point number 
print(uniform_value)

randrange_value = random.randrange(1, 100, 2)  # 1 To 100 In steps of 2（ We can only get 100 Think of an odd number ）
print(randrange_value)
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The result of each run is different .

A sequence of functions for

random.choice(seq)

Returns a random element from a non empty sequence , If the sequence is empty , Throw an exception

Sample code

import random

value = random.choice(range(1, 100, 2))
#  This is equal to random.randrange(1, 100, 2)
print(value)
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It seems that this method is necessary to shuffle cards

Generate a small case of verification code

import random
#  A small case of generating verification number 
all_chars = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
captcha = ''
for _ in range(4):
    a = random.choice(all_chars)
    captcha += a  #  Connection string 
print(captcha)
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random.shuffle() Method

shuffle(list) Method randomly sorts all elements of the sequence

Sample code

import random
list1 = ["beautiful" , "cute", "beautiful", 'prefect', "beautiful", " Sweet ", 'lovely']
random.shuffle(list1)

print(list1)
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random.sample() Method

random.sample(sequence, k), Randomly get a fragment of a specified length from a specified sequence .sample Function does not modify the original sequence . The slice length cannot exceed the original length , Otherwise, an exception will be thrown

Sample code

import random
list1 = ["beautiful", "cute", "beautiful", 'prefect', "beautiful", " Sweet ", 'lovely']
list2 = random.sample(list1, len(list1))
print(" Original list ：", list1)
print(" New list ：", list2)
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This method can sort the original sequence without destroying the original sequence