This is my participation 11 The fourth of the yuegengwen challenge 1 God , Check out the activity details ：2021 One last more challenge

Review

Python Object oriented high level language . We have learned before Python It also supports the network request module .

• urllib modular On the basic url Request to provide request、error、parse、robot.txt Module method
• urllib3 modular Provide thread safe pool management and proxy service related methods

In this issue , We'll learn about the... Used at the bottom urllib3 Module's third-party network request Python modular -requests,Let's go~

1. requests The module overview

requests Modules in On its official website It says “ Give Way HTTP Serving humanity ”. therefore ,requests The module also adheres to this principle , Provide more convenient HTTP Request method .

In our code HTTP When you ask , If not handled properly, there will be security vulnerabilities 、 Code redundancy and other problems

• requests Module features

  • The bottom floor is adopted, and the interior is adopted urllib3 Modules are packaged , More user-friendly and convenient

    • We can see by looking at the source code requests Modules are indeed imported urllib3 Modular

    

  • Allow users to communicate in different ways HTTP Link request , Than urllib2 Module operation is more concise

  • Provide keep-alive And connection pool , Automation remains connected

  • Support cookie Keep talking

  • Support file upload 、 Automatic response content encoding

• requests Module acquisition

  • Mode one ： Use pip Direct download requests modular

    pip install requests
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  • Mode two ： Use git Tool execution clone download

    git clone git://github.com/kennethreitz/requests.git
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• requests Module USES

  We need to use... In our code import Import requests modular

  import requests
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2. requests Related methods

requests Module is used Apache2 licensed Permit HTTP library , In the user manual, we can see that the main methods are as follows

Method	effect
requests.get(url)	send out get request
requests.post(url)	send out post request
requests.put(url)	send out put request
requests.delete(url)	send out delete request
requests.head(url)	send out head request
requests.options(url)	send out options request

requests The module provides a description of the request method field

Field	explain
url	Network request link
data	Requested data , Data can be dictionaries 、 Tuples
param	Pass on... In the form of a dictionary URL Parameters
header	HTTP Request header
files	Multiple encoded files
allow_redirects	Redirect
timeout	Overtime

requests Module object attribute description

Field	explain
text	What the server returned
encoding	Encrypted format
content	The content of the request response
json	Json Decode the content of the response
raw	The content of the server's original response （ Binary system ）
status_code	Response status code
raise_for_status	Abnormal status code
headers	Response header information
cookie	Responsive cookie Information

3. requests Starting steps

requests Used at the bottom of the module urllib3 modular , Highly encapsulate the requested method , Let's summarize the operation steps ：

• Import requests modular

  import requests
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• Define a requests object , Such as calling get Request Nuggets website

  r = requests.get("https://juejin.cn/user/211521683863847/posts")
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• Query the relevant information in the request response

  print("status_code",r.status_code)
  print("content",r.content.decode("utf-8"))
  print("headers['Content-type']:",re.headers['Content-type'])
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4. A profound

according to requests The request method provided by the module , Let's implement a working scenario ：

Gave a si no interface , Let you test ：

Interface ：/action/openapi/post_list Interface parameters ：

Parameters	Mandatory	Type and scope	explain	The default value is
access_token	true	string	oauth2_token Acquired access_token
catalog	false	int	Category ID 1- Question and answer 2- Share 3-IT Chowder ( comprehensive ) 4- depot 100- Career 0- all	0
tag	false	string	Post related tags
pageSize	false	int	Number of entries per page	20
page/pageIndex	false	int	the number of pages	1
dataType	true	string	Return data type ['json'	'jsonp'

Interface request method ：POST

First , We follow the interface request mode , Create a do_post Method

def do_post(ip,api,data):

    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}

    url = "http://"+ip+api

    print (url)

    try:
        r = requests.post(url,headers = headers,data = json.dumps(data),timeout= 10)
        print(r.status_code)
        print(r.content.decode("utf-8"))

    except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
        requests.status_code = "Connection refused"
    except requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout:
        requests.status_codes = "Read timed out"
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testing procedure ：

data = {}
api_pose = ""
do_post(ip,api_pose,data)
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summary

In this issue , We are right. requests Module requests methods and related attributes for learning ,requests Module is based on urllib3 encapsulate , Give Way HTTP It's more convenient to ask .

The above is the content of this issue , Welcome big guys to praise and comment , See you next time ～