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Django-ORM Detailed explanation - Field 、 attribute 、 operation

Common field types

CharField： Character type , You must provide max_length Parameters ,max_length Represents character length .

Email Field： Mailbox type , It's actually a character type , It only provides email format verification .

Text Field： Text type , Store large text strings . If the string exceeds 254 Characters. It is recommended to use Text Field.

Integer Field： Integer types .

Date Field： Date fields .

Time Field： The time field .

Date Time Field： datetime field , Combined date field and time field .

File Field： It's actually a string type , Used to save the path of the uploaded file in the database .

Image Field： It's actually a string type , Used to save the path of uploaded pictures in the database .

name=models.Char Field(max_length=32,verbose_name=' full name ')
verbose_name stay Django Admin The management background is the display name of the field , It can be understood as field alias ,verbose_name stay SQL There is no concrete embodiment of the level , That is to say, add or not verbose_name It has no effect on the fields in the database 

email=models.Email Field(verbose_name=' mailbox ')
descript=models.Text Field(verbose_name=" brief introduction ")
int= models.Integer Field()
date=models.Date Field(auto_now=True, auto_now_add=False)
auto_now Parameter automatically saves the current time , It is generally used to indicate the last modification time . When you first create a record , Django take auto_now_add The field value is automatically set to the current time , Used to indicate the creation time of the record object .

time= models.Time Field(auto_now=False,auto_now_add=False)
datetime=models.Date Time Field(auto_now=False,auto_now_add=False)
filetest =models.Fiel Field (upload_to = 'test/')
picture = models.Image Field(upload_to = 'pic/')
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Common field properties

db_index：db_index=True Indicates that this field is set as the index of the database table .

title = models.Char Field(max_length=32, db_index=True)

unique：unique=True Indicates that the field cannot have duplicate values in the database table .

default： Set the default value of the field , Such as default='good'.

auto_now_add：Datetime Field、Date Field、Time Field this 3 Unique properties of fields , auto_now_add=True Indicates that the time when the new record is created is saved as the value of this field .

auto_now：Datetime Field、Date Field、Time Field this 3 Unique properties of fields ,auto_now= True Indicates each time a record is modified , Store the current time in this field .

ORM Basic data operation

Increase record

Mode one ：

new_emp= models.employee.objects.create(name="tom",email="[email protected]",dep_id=66)
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Mode two ：

new_emp= models.employee (name="tom",email="[email protected]",dep_id=66)
new_emp.save()
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Delete record

use filter() Filter out the qualified records and call them. delete() Delete

models. employee.objects.filter(name= " Zhang San ").delete()
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Modify the record

Updates the record of the specified condition , And updates the value of the specified field

models.employee.objects.filter(name='tom').update(email="[email protected]")
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Modify a single piece of data

obj = models.employee.objects.get(id=66)
obj.email = "[email protected]"
obj.save()
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Inquire about

Access to all

Emp_list= models.employee.objects.all()
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Get a single piece of data , If the data does not exist, an error is reported

Emp=models.employee.objects.get(id=123)
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Gets the recordset for the specified condition

Emp_group=models. employee.objects.filter(name= " Zhang San ")
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Django ORM Common functions for data operation

all() function , Return all qualified records .

objects = models.employee.objects.all()
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filter() function , Returns the record of the specified condition .filter The following parentheses are filter conditions , Be similar to SQL Middle sentence where The following conditional statement .

objects = models.employee.objects.filter(name='tom')
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#  obtain name Field contains “Tom” The record of 
models. employee.objects.filter(name__contains="Tom")
#  obtain name Field contains “tom” The record of ,icontains Ignore case models.employee.objects.filter(name__icontains="tom")
#  obtain employee In the data table id be equal to 10、20、66 The data of 
models. employee.objects.filter(id__in=[10, 20, 66])
#  obtain employee In the data table id It's not equal to 10、20、66 The record of , Because the front uses exclude
models. employee.objects.exclude(id__in=[10, 20, 66]).
#  obtain employee In the data table id Greater than 1  And   Less than 10 The record of , The relationship between the two filter conditions is equivalent to SQL Of and
models. employee.objects.filter(id__gt=1, id__lt=10)
#  obtain employee In the data table id In scope 1～66 The records in , Equivalent to SQL Of id bettwen 1and 66
models. employee.objects.filter(id__range=[1, 66])
#  obtain employee In the data table birthday The month in the field is 9 Monthly records ,birthday For date format 
models. employee.objects.filter(birthday__month=9)
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order_by() function , according to order_by Sort the fields in parentheses .

objects =models.employee.objects.exclude(name='tom').order_by('name','id')
#  Add in field name “-”, Indicates that the field is arranged in reverse order . The following code represents , Press name Arrange the list in reverse order of fields .
objects = models.employee.objects.order_by('-name')
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distinct() function , Remove identical records from the record set （ Repeat the record ）, Then return the recordset .

objects = models.employee.objects.filter (name='tom').distinct()
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Other functions

values() function , Returns a dictionary type sequence .

objects = models.employee.objects.values('id','name','email')
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values_list() function , Returns a sequence of tuple types .

objects = models.employee.objects.values_list('id','name','email')
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get()、first()、last() Return a single object , It can be understood as returning a record in the data table .

#  return id by 1 The record of , In parentheses are filter conditions 
object1 = models.employee.objects.get(id=1)
#  Returns the first record of the dataset 
object2 = models.employee.objects.first()
#  Returns the last record in the dataset 
object3 = models.employee.objects.last()
#  Returns the number of data sets 
bject4= models.employee.objects.count()
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